Intergenerational housing: sharing a home across the generations

The principle behind intergenerational sharing

The idea is an exchange rather than a commercial letting. An older person with a spare room offers it at a low rent, or sometimes free, and the younger occupant agrees to be present on certain evenings, share meals or help with small everyday tasks.

The arrangement is not a care service. The younger person is neither a nurse nor a carer and should not be expected to provide personal care. Its value lies in companionship, security at night and a lighter feeling of isolation for both generations.

Who it is designed for

It suits older people who remain largely independent, live in a home with a spare bedroom and would welcome company. On the other side, students, apprentices and young workers looking for affordable housing in expensive cities are the usual participants in these schemes.

The French legal framework

The ELAN housing law of 2018 created the intergenerational solidarity cohabitation contract. It allows a person aged sixty or over to let or sublet part of their home to someone under thirty, in exchange for a modest financial contribution and agreed help or presence.

This contract sits outside standard rental rules, which gives flexibility on duration and conditions. Tenants who sublet need their landlord's agreement. A charter, often provided by the matching association, sets out each party's commitments, including quiet hours, visitors and shared spaces.

Role of matching associations

Specialist associations interview both parties, check expectations and propose compatible pairings. They usually charge a membership or matching fee and remain available to mediate if difficulties arise. Choosing an established organisation with clear procedures reduces risks for both the older person and the young occupant.

Costs and financial aspects

Contributions are generally well below market rent, sometimes limited to a share of utilities. In France, the income received by the older person may benefit from tax exemptions under conditions, and the young occupant may be eligible for a housing allowance depending on the arrangement.

Because tax and benefit rules depend on each situation, both parties should check their position before signing. Retirees receiving means-tested benefits should also ask whether the contribution affects their entitlement, and confirm that their home insurance covers an additional occupant.

Comparison with related models

Intergenerational sharing differs from other forms of shared living in who lives together and what is expected of each person. The table compares the French model with arrangements English-speaking readers may encounter in their own countries.

Equivalents in English-speaking countries

Homeshare schemes in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia follow a similar logic: a householder offers a room in return for an agreed number of hours of help and companionship each week. North American programmes are more varied, mixing commercial lettings and service exchanges.

Whatever the country, the schemes that last tend to share three features: careful matching, a written agreement and a third party available when tensions appear. Arrangements organised informally between strangers, without any of these safeguards, carry noticeably more risk for both participants.

Steps to start an intergenerational arrangement

Preparation starts with an honest look at the home. A private bedroom, ideally with a nearby bathroom, and clear rules on the kitchen make cohabitation easier. Families of the older person are often consulted, which reassures everyone and avoids later misunderstandings.

1. Decide what you can offer and what help you would welcome
2. Contact a recognised matching association in your area
3. Take part in interviews and meet potential candidates
4. Agree on the charter, contribution and practical rules
5. Sign the contract and inform your insurer and landlord if relevant
6. Review the arrangement regularly with the association

Pitfalls to avoid

Problems usually stem from mismatched expectations about presence, noise or help. Writing everything down and keeping the association informed avoids most disputes. The arrangement should never replace professional care when an older person's health requires it.

• Expecting personal or medical care from the young occupant
• Skipping written rules on visitors, meals and absences
• Overlooking insurance and landlord consent
• Choosing an unknown intermediary with no mediation service

Can foreign residents take part in France?

Yes. An older person legally resident in France can host a young occupant, and international students frequently participate. The younger participant must hold a valid visa or residence permit. Associations may ask for identity documents and references from both sides.

How long does an arrangement usually last?

Many follow the academic year, starting in September and ending in early summer, but contracts can be shorter or longer by agreement. Some pairings continue for several years. A notice period agreed in advance makes endings smooth and predictable for both parties.

What if the relationship does not work?

Either party can end the arrangement according to the contract. When an association is involved, it can mediate first and, if necessary, help find another match. Raising concerns early, rather than letting tensions accumulate, usually resolves minor disagreements.

Does the older person lose any rights?

No. The older person remains the occupant of their home and keeps control over its use, within the agreed rules. The contract does not create a standard tenancy, which makes it easier to end than a classic lease if circumstances change.